Type 2 Diabetes: To lower blood sugar levels in adults. Heart Failure: To reduce the risk of hospitalization and death in patients with heart failure (even those without diabetes). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): To slow the progression of kidney damage and reduce the risk of kidney failure.

Most diabetes drugs work by increasing insulin or making the body more sensitive to it. Dapagliflozin is different. It blocks the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys. Normally, this protein reabsorbs glucose from the urine back into the blood. By blocking it, Dapagliflozin forces the kidneys to filter out excess sugar, which is then removed from the body through urination.

Common: Increased urination, thirst, and mild weight loss. Infections: Increased risk of genital yeast infections or urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the high sugar content in urine. Dehydration: Dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up. Serious (Rare): Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) or "Fournier?s gangrene" (a serious infection of the genital area).