Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Both complicated and uncomplicated infections of the bladder and kidneys. Prostatitis: Bacterial infection of the prostate gland. Gastrointestinal Infections: Severe traveler's diarrhea or stomach infections like Shigellosis. Gonorrhea: Though less common now due to resistance, it was traditionally used for certain STIs.

It is a "bactericidal" medication, meaning it kills bacteria directly. It works by inhibiting an enzyme called DNA gyrase. Without this enzyme, the bacteria cannot untangle, repair, or replicate their DNA. This causes the bacterial cells to stop growing and eventually rupture.

Common: Nausea, stomach cramps, headache, or dizziness. Physical: Photosensitivity (getting a sunburn much faster than usual). Musculoskeletal: Increased risk of tendonitis or tendon rupture (especially the Achilles tendon). Neurological: Nervousness, tremors, or "brain fog."